Race - Blacks tend to have more muscle mass than other races.

Gender - men generally have more muscle mass than women.

Resistance training - an athlete with large muscle mass may have a higher creatinine level than an average-built person with the same kidney function.

Age - people tend to lose muscle mass as they age, causing creatinine levels to decline therefore, serum creatinine levels are not always a good predictor of renal function in elderly patients.

Individual differences in muscle mass described below can also influence creatinine levels.Normal ranges vary by lab, but a level greater than 1.3 mg/dl is typically considered elevated. If the kidneys become damaged, creatinine removal is impaired, and serum levels rise, making it a measure of kidney function. Creatinine, a byproduct of muscle metabolism that passes freely across the glomerulus, is released into the bloodstream and removed by the kidneys at a constant rate throughout the day, producing steady serum concentrations.Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, giant cell arteritis) Another characteristic that separates the CRP from the ESR is that the ESR may be elevated in conditions that are noninflammatory where the CRP is typically only elevated in inflammatory conditions. CRP levels rise faster and decreases more rapidly than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which is also used to detect inflammation.CRP is made in the liver and released into the bloodstream within a few hours of the start of inflammation (e.g.C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant meaning it's serum levels rise quickly after an inflammatory process starts.AER - albumin excretion ratio ACR - Albumin creatinine ratio.In practice, all of these guidelines are rarely followed.The diagnosis of proteinuria can be made if 2 out of 3 tests are found to be positive.If a test is positive, it should be repeated in 3 - 6 months.Ideally, the patient should not have eaten within 2 hours of the test.The test is best performed on a morning urine sample.The ratio is preferred over the albumin level because it corrects for variations in urine dilution that may occur from dehydration, diuretics, and other things. The albumin-to-creatinine ratio is measured by dividing the concentration of albumin in a urine sample by the concentration of creatinine.

Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood and the easiest to detect. Normal kidneys typically allow only a small amount of protein to pass into the urine when larger amounts are present, it is a sign of kidney damage. The albumin-to-creatinine ratio is a urine test used to assess the amount of protein passing through the kidneys into the urine.

Aer meaning medical